Search results for: "IF" (3924 results)
level of state action is a political variable: What shapes the degree of state involvement in the economy, if not political forces that, for various
donors with the “kind of background that appeals to customers,”33 confirms Sims. “We would like a donor that you wouldn’t be ashamed of if your
if we open a standard American antitrust textbook, we find the confident assumption that countries that fail to adopt the American approach will
duty of loyalty, even if the trustee also does or might derive some benefit. A transaction in which there has been conflict or overlap of interest
however, Vattel also asserts that necessary law is not in and of itself positive law, and the obligation it imposes is moral rather than legal. But what if
doctrine would subject a firm to antitrust liability just for being a monopolist, even if it did not engage in any anticompetitive misconduct. However
failure to pay a fine or fee if the defendant established that they could not afford it. Yet, even today, many defendants remain incarcerated solely
inquiry: to decide if a government has “taken” private property, a court must ask whether the challenged ordinance “denies an owner economically viable
independent propositions, its particular holdings may have been disputed in the moment, and even if that contemporaneous disagreement is sorted out, what a
incentives for states to delay and obstruct litigation in hopes that if courts ultimately rule against them, it will be too late for advocates to secure a